Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Perikanan

Comparative Analysis of Sales Performance for Tuna and Salmon/Trout Products at PT. Bahari Prima Manunggal

Muhammad Zahran — 2026-10-25

Indonesia's fishery industry has experienced significant growth amid rising market demand for fresh and frozen fish products, particularly tuna and salmon. This study aims to compare the sales performance of tuna products and the Salmon/Trout category based on sales value and volume, identify the best-selling products in each category, and identify factors associated with purchasing decisions at PT. Bahari Prima Manunggal. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach strengthened with a quantitative dimension based on internal company sales data, collected over the first quarter of 2026 (January–March 2026), data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation using a single case study design. Informants were selected purposively from marketing managers, field sales staff, and key accounts, totaling 7 people (2 marketing managers, 3 field sales staff, and 2 key accounts). Results indicate that the Salmon/Trout category dominates sales with a total value of IDR 4.39 billion (88.62% of total revenue) and a volume of 24,964 kg, far exceeding Tuna at IDR 488.1 million (9.86%) with 11,871 kg. The average price per kilogram for the combined Salmon/Trout category (~IDR 176,000) is approximately 4.3 times higher than tuna (~IDR 41,000), reflecting salmon's positioning as a premium product. The best-selling Tuna product is Tuna Kama Whole Natural (IDR 219.8 million; 5,728.76 kg), while Salmon Fresh (IDR 1.56 billion; 7,145.51 kg) leads the Salmon/Trout category. Price, product quality, stock availability, and personal relationships were identified through interviews as factors associated with purchasing decisions. PT. Bahari Prima Manunggal implements a product differentiation and market segmentation strategy focused on the premium HORECA segment. These findings contribute to understanding urban fishery market dynamics in Indonesia and offer strategic recommendations for businesses in the premium seafood distribution sector.

Analysis of the Social and Institutional Readiness of Fishermen in Kurau Village in the Implementation of the Blue Economy

Lizha Dwi Mulya Putri — 2026-10-25

This study aimed to analyze the level of social and institutional readiness of fishing communities in Kurau Village to support blue economy implementation and to identify strategies for strengthening it. The study was conducted in Kurau Village, Koba District, Central Bangka Regency, from July to October 2025. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with 40 fishers using gillnets, lift nets, hook and line, and traps, with 10 respondents representing each fishing gear group. Analysis was conducted using a scoring method based on five dimensions: blue economy knowledge and understanding, community participation, existence and strength of local institutions, legality and organizational structure, and access to financing and technical assistance. The results showed that the overall social and institutional readiness score was 2.45, categorized as approaching readiness, indicating that the community was relatively prepared but still required improvements in institutional capacity, organizational legality, and access to financing. Community participation had the highest score (2.90), while legality and organizational structure had the lowest score (2.12). By fishing gear, lift-net fishers had the highest readiness score (2.87), followed by hook-and-line fishers (2.68), trap fishers (2.52), and gillnet fishers (1.72). SWOT analysis placed Kurau fishers in Quadrant I (Strengths–Opportunities) with coordinates of (0.71; 0.56). The SO strategy ranked first with a score of 4.36, prioritizing the establishment and legalization of a fishers’ cooperative by leveraging social capital and government support, strengthening networks and market information, and improving literacy, managerial capacity, and access to financing, particularly for gillnet fishers. This strategy is expected to strengthen fishers’ readiness to support an inclusive, self-reliant, and sustainable blue economy.

Evaluation of the Conformity of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in the Processing of Frozen Scad at a Fish Processing Unit in Pati Regency

Muhammad Fadli — 2026-10-25

The implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) is a fundamental requirement for maintaining the quality and safety of fishery products, including frozen scad. This study aimed to evaluate compliance with GMP requirements in frozen scad processing at a fish processing unit in Pati Regency, Central Java. The study was conducted from April to August 2025 using a descriptive observational method. Data were collected through direct observations conducted routinely on a daily basis throughout the study period by following production activities, as well as semi-structured interviews with raw material Quality Control (QC), production QC, and three processing employees. The evaluation was conducted by comparing actual conditions at each processing stage with the indicators of Good Fish Processing Practices specified in Appendix I of Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17/PERMEN-KP/2019. The results showed that GMP was applied across eight observed processing stages: raw material receiving and inspection, sorting and initial washing, sizing, washing, product arrangement, freezing using an Air Blast Freezer (ABF), packaging and labeling, and storage and pre-distribution inspection. All 8 indicators observed at the processing stages were categorized as compliant, resulting in a conformity level of 100% (8 of 8 indicators). Compliance was mainly demonstrated through raw material receiving control, the use of water and ice during washing, freezing temperature control until the product core temperature reached ≤−18°C, the use of food-grade packaging, and frozen storage using the FIFO system. The findings may serve as an evaluation reference for the fish processing unit to maintain consistent GMP implementation across the observed processing stages and support product quality and food safety.

Effect of Floc Formation Time on the Growth of Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in a Biofloc System

Nisa Mariana Daeli — 2026-10-26

Striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is a high-value freshwater aquaculture commodity, yet the success of biofloc systems strongly depends on floc maturity prior to stocking. This study analyzed the effect of floc formation time (3, 5, and 7 days) on the growth, feed efficiency, and survival of striped catfish in a biofloc system using a one-factor completely randomized design with three replicate ponds per treatment as the statistical unit. Fry were reared for 60 days at a density of 50 fry/pond. ANOVA showed that floc formation time had a highly significant effect on absolute weight gain (F=210.625; p=0.000) and absolute length gain (F=574.586; p=0.000), with the highest values in P3 (7 days): 16.00 g and 10.30 cm; Duncan's test placed all three treatments in distinct groups. Because the data did not meet the normality assumption, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, which showed significant differences among treatments (FCR: H=6.543; P=0.038; SR: H=6.108; P=0.047), with the lowest FCR (0.65) and highest SR (89.33%) in P3. In contrast, floc formation time had no significant effect on specific growth rate (F=0.106; p=0.901), which ranged from 1.75–1.77%/day across treatments. Floc volume increased consistently from 5.2 mL/L (P1) to 15.4 mL/L (P3), paralleling the improvement in growth and survival. All water quality parameters (temperature 26.46–27.21°C, pH 6.88–7.56, DO 4.40–4.62 mg/L, ammonia 0.16–0.28 mg/L) remained within the range required by Indonesian National Standard SNI 01-6483.5-2002 for pond grow-out of striped catfish. Under the conditions of this study, a 7-day floc formation period was the most effective for supporting growth, feed efficiency, and survival of striped catfish in a biofloc system.

The Effectiveness Of Herbal-Based Probiotics On The Growth and Feed Utilization Efficiency of Saline Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Muzammil Muzammil — 2026-10-26

An herbal-based fermented product may be used as a dietary additive in saline tilapia culture. This study evaluated the effects of a fermented mixture made from molasses, a commercial fermented milk drink, baker's yeast, ginger, turmeric, and Java turmeric on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and survival of saline Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A completely randomized design was applied with four treatments and three replicates: no fermented product (A), 5 mL/kg feed (B), 10 mL/kg feed (C), and 15 mL/kg feed (D). A total of 120 fish, with mean initial length and weight of 4.17 cm and 0.39 g/fish, were reared for 56 days at 20 ppt salinity and fed at 5% of biomass daily. The measured variables included absolute weight and length gain, specific growth rate, feed utilization efficiency, survival, and water quality. Among the tested doses, treatment D had the highest mean absolute weight gain (12.51 g), specific growth rate (6.25%/day), feed utilization efficiency (70.06%), and survival (86.67%). Survival in the control was only 20.00%; therefore, growth and feed utilization differences should be interpreted in light of the high mortality. The final pH of the fermented product was reported as 8.0, while microbial identity and viability in the final product were not established by the reported data. These findings indicate potential value as a feed additive under the experimental conditions but do not establish a probiotic mechanism or an optimum dose beyond the tested range.

Analysis of Welfare Level of Coastal Communities Processing Salted Anchovy in Katialada Village, North Gorontalo

Ridha Hiola — 2026-10-26

Salted anchovy processing is one of the economic activities of coastal communities in Katialada Village, North Gorontalo Regency, serving as a source of household income. This study aims to analyze the welfare level of coastal communities engaged in the salted anchovy processing business in Katialada Village, Kwandang Subdistrict, North Gorontalo Regency, based on eight indicators from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS): income, expenditure, housing condition, housing facilities, family health, access to health services, access to children's education, and access to transportation facilities. A descriptive quantitative method was used with a census sample of 26 anchovy processors. Data were collected in March–April 2026 through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, then analyzed descriptively using weighted scoring. The results show that the welfare level falls into the high category, with an average score of 2.85 (interval 2.41 to 3.10). The highest scores were found in the income and transportation access indicators (3.00 each), while the lowest score was found in the housing condition indicator (2.31). As additional context, a Spearman Rank correlation test showed a strong and significant relationship between the role of the salted anchovy processing business and welfare level (rho=0.627; sig.=0.001). These findings indicate that the salted anchovy processing business contributes substantially to meeting household basic needs, although improving housing conditions still requires attention in efforts to sustainably improve the welfare of coastal communities.

Service Users' Satisfaction with Berthing Services and Basin Cleanliness at Nizam Zachman Jakarta Oceanic Fishing Port

Andi Ana Humaerah — 2026-10-26

Nizam Zachman Jakarta Oceanic Fishing Port (PPS Nizam Zachman Jakarta) is a Type A fishing port that provides berthing and mooring services and port basin cleanliness services, both of which directly support fishing vessel operations. This study aimed to analyze service users' satisfaction with these two services and to identify the service attributes that should be prioritized for improvement. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed. A sample of 92 respondents (vessel masters, crew members, and shipping agents) was determined using the Slovin formula from a population of 1,104 service users and selected randomly. Data were collected through a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire comprising 21 attributes based on the five SERVQUAL dimensions (12 berthing and mooring attributes and 9 port basin cleanliness attributes) and analyzed using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The CSI for berthing and mooring services was 81.59% (very satisfied) and for port basin cleanliness services was 81.60% (very satisfied), with an average of 81.59% (very satisfied). The IPA placed four attributes in Quadrant I (top priority): consistency of berthing services regardless of vessel, timeliness of berthing services as promised, availability of cleaning facilities, and officers' responsiveness to cleanliness complaints. These findings can serve as a basis for the port management in setting priorities for service quality improvement.

Length Growth of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings under Five Commercial Feeding Schedules

Rafly Resky Alvian Rahmadani — 2026-10-26

Feeding schedules may affect the length growth of Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. This study compared five commercial feeding schedules for 5–7 cm fingerlings over 30 days. A completely randomized design included five treatments and five replicates (25 tanks, six fish per tank). The daily ration was fixed at 1.8 g per tank and divided into two to six feeding sessions at different times and intervals. Absolute length growth was assessed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD at 5%, while temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were monitored. Length growth differed significantly among schedules (F(4,20) = 177.660; p < 0.001). Schedule C (06:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 00:00 local time) produced the highest growth (2.72 ± 0.13 cm) and differed significantly from all other schedules. Water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). This result supports schedule C under the experimental conditions but does not isolate feeding frequency from feeding time.

The Effect Of Frying Temperature On The Quality Of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) Fish Crackers

Julilis Suganda Mendrofa — 2026-10-26

Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) is a pelagic fishery commodity that is highly susceptible to quality deterioration after capture, requiring appropriate postharvest handling, including processing into fish crackers. This study aimed to analyze the effects of frying temperature on the chemical and organoleptic quality of tuna fish crackers and to determine the best treatment among the tested temperatures. Fresh fish were obtained from a fish market in Gunungsitoli City, Nias Island, Indonesia. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor consisting of three frying temperatures: 160°C (P1), 170°C (P2), and 180°C (P3). Each treatment was replicated three times using independently prepared dough batches, resulting in nine experimental units, with a constant frying time of approximately 45 seconds. Moisture and fat contents were analyzed in the laboratory according to SNI 01-2891-1992, while organoleptic attributes (color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability) were evaluated by 20 semi-trained panelists using a five-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the batch level, followed by Duncan's multiple range test, supplemented by nonparametric comparative analyses and analyses accounting for panelist effects. Increasing the frying temperature significantly reduced moisture content (from 3.12% at P1 to 1.51% at P3; P < 0.001) and increased fat content (from 1.54% to 2.13%; P < 0.001). Frying temperature significantly affected color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability (all P < 0.001), but had no significant effect on texture (P = 0.078). Treatment P1 (160°C) achieved the highest overall acceptability score (3.78) and was identified as the best treatment among the tested temperatures based on an unweighted descriptive assessment, considering its lowest fat content, moisture content within the SNI permissible limit, and highest panelist acceptance. These findings are limited to the specific experimental conditions, including a frying time of approximately 45 seconds, the formulation used, a slice thickness of 2.2 mm, and sun-drying conditions, and do not establish an optimal frying temperature.

Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Sumera Fish (Tor tambroides) in the Waters of Aek Sibundong, North Sumatra

Lauura Hermala Yunita — 2026-10-26

Sumera fish (Tor tambroides) is a commercially and culturally valuable food fish whose populations are threatened by overfishing and habitat degradation. Data on the growth pattern of this species in the Aek Sibundong waters, Central Tapanuli Regency, remain limited. This study aimed to describe the length distribution of the sample, test the hypothesis of isometric growth (H0: b = 3) in the length-weight relationship of male and female fish, and compare their condition factors (H0: male K = female K). The study was conducted in December 2025. Samples were obtained from fishermen’s catches using purposive sampling, totaling 30 individuals (15 males and 15 females). The length-weight relationship was analyzed using the equation W = aL^b, the growth pattern was tested using a t-test, and the condition factor was calculated using Fulton’s equation (K) and relative condition factor (Kn). The total length of the captured fish ranged from 156 to 303; 7 of 15 males were in the 256–305 mm class, whereas 9 of 15 females were ≤205 mm. The b value was 2.6888 for males (r = 0.86) and 2.5434 for females (r = 0.76); the t-test showed that both values were not significantly different from 3 (t-calculated 0.714 and 0.765 < t-table 2.160), so isometric growth could not be rejected (low-power test; 95% CI of b: males 1.75–3.63, females 1.25–3.83), although both b values were numerically < 3. The mean condition factor was 0.966 for males and 1.422 for females; the higher value in females was possibly influenced by one extreme individual (K = 6.106), and without this individual the female mean was 1.087,only slightly different from that of males (Welch test: p = 0.21 with all data and p = 0.23 without the extreme individual). K values ranged around 1.

Toxicity Test of Ethanol Extract and Ethanol Fractions of Sea Urchin (Diadema setosum) Spines from Lemukutan Waters, West Kalimantan Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Method

Shaffa Cintia Salsabila — 2026-10-26

Diadema setosum merupakan landak laut yang memiliki duri dan berpotensi mengandung metabolit sekunder bioaktif, namun informasi mengenai toksisitas ekstrak etanol dan fraksi yang berasal dari durinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder dan mengevaluasi toksisitas sampel D. setosum yang diperoleh dari Perairan Lemukutan, Kalimantan Barat, menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Duri dimaserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, kemudian dipartisi secara berturut-turut menggunakan n-heksana, diklorometana, dan etil asetat, sedangkan fraksi etanol dipisahkan menggunakan kromatografi cair vakum (KCV). Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol mengandung alkaloid, terpenoid, dan fenolik, sedangkan fraksi etanol mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan fenolik. Uji toksisitas dilakukan terhadap larva Artemia salina berumur 48 jam selama 24 jam pada konsentrasi 50–1000 mg/L dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier. Nilai LC₅₀ FG-4, FG-5, dan ekstrak etanol berturut-turut sebesar 950; 102,83; dan 66,44 mg/L. FG-5 menunjukkan toksisitas paling kuat serta hubungan konsentrasi–respons yang paling konsisten (R² = 0,99). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa duri D. setosum berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif dan perlu dikaji lebih lanjut melalui isolasi berpanduan bioassay serta identifikasi struktur senyawa.

The Role and Effectiveness of Antioxidants in Fish Sperm Cryopreservation: A Literature Review

Yuli Andriani — 2026-10-26

Fish sperm cryopreservation is an important reproductive technology for supporting hatchery production, broodstock management, and the conservation of fish genetic resources. However, cooling, freezing, storage, and thawing may cause cellular damage, commonly referred to as cryoinjury, through osmotic imbalance, ice crystal formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation that exceeds the capacity of antioxidant defense systems can induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, thereby reducing post-thaw sperm quality and fertilization capacity. This article aims to review the mechanisms of oxidative stress during fish sperm cryopreservation, identify the types and mechanisms of action of antioxidants, and evaluate their effectiveness based on studies involving various freshwater and marine fish species. The review was conducted by examining literature relevant to fish sperm cryopreservation or preservation, oxidative mechanisms, and antioxidant supplementation. The selected literature was analyzed descriptively and comparatively according to fish species, antioxidant type, concentration, extender formulation, and the sperm quality parameters assessed. The synthesis indicates that antioxidants, whether derived from endogenous defense systems or introduced as exogenous supplements, may help maintain sperm quality by regulating ROS levels and reducing oxidative damage. Various compounds, including vitamins C and E, glutathione, melatonin, and other antioxidants, have been investigated, with varying responses in sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation, and other reproductive parameters. However, antioxidant effectiveness is not universal, as it depends on fish species, compound type and concentration, extender and cryoprotectant composition, and freezing and thawing conditions. Therefore, optimizing antioxidant formulations and concentrations, together with the integrated assessment of multiple biological parameters, is necessary to improve the success of fish sperm cryopreservation.

Integration of Nutrition, Bioactive Compounds, Food Safety, and Potential for Sustainable Bioproduct Development of Caulerpa Seaweed in Indonesia

Fadli Zainuddin — 2026-10-26

Caulerpa seaweed has the potential to be developed as a nutritious food source and a raw material for value-added bioproducts. However, its utilization in Indonesia is still dominated by fresh consumption, while information regarding its nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, food safety, and product development opportunities remains scattered across various studies. This article aims to synthesize information on the nutritional characteristics, biological activities of bioactive compounds, food safety risks, and prospects for the sustainable development of bioproducts from Caulerpa in Indonesia. This study employs a narrative review approach by examining relevant primary and secondary scientific literature obtained through searches on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and national literature sources. The review focuses on publications from 2015 to 2026 regarding Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa, and Caulerpa taxifolia. The literature was synthesized using a descriptive-qualitative approach based on aspects of nutritional composition, the biological activity of bioactive compounds, food safety, and the prospects for the development of sustainable bioproducts. The results of the study indicate that the proximate composition of Caulerpa varies. In general, Caulerpa has a relatively low fat content as well as levels of carbohydrates, fiber, and minerals that have the potential to support the development of functional foods. Various bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, sulfated polysaccharides, and pigments, have been reported to possess antioxidant and antibacterial activities, as well as potential antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects. Their utilization must take into account the risks of heavy metal accumulation, microbiological contamination, and the presence of natural defense metabolites. The development of Caulerpa as a functional food, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical ingredient, and aquaculture feed supplement requires standardization of raw materials, food safety monitoring, bioactivity validation, and sustainable cultivation and post-harvest systems. The integration of nutritional, bioactivity, and food safety aspects serves as a crucial foundation for the downstream processing of Caulerpa to support the blue economy and enhance the added value of coastal resources.

Application of Remote Sensing Technology for Mapping Changes in Mangrove Cover Area from 2022 to 2026 in Ponelo Kepulauan District

Agustina Agustina — 2026-10-26

This study aims to analyze changes in mangrove cover area in Ponelo Kepulauan District, North Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia, over the 2022–2026 period using remote sensing technology. The data consisted of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery acquired between 2022 and 2026 with less than 20% cloud cover, while Google Earth imagery was used as supporting data for visual validation. Image interpretation was conducted using an RGB 564 composite (Band 5, Band 6, and Band 4), visual digitization, and area calculation in ArcGIS 10.5. Validation was performed visually by comparing the shape, spatial distribution patterns, and locations of the digitized mangrove cover with vegetation features observed in Google Earth imagery, without field verification or quantitative accuracy assessment. The results showed fluctuations in the estimated mangrove cover area, with 125.49 ha in 2022, 138.18 ha in 2023, 129.24 ha in 2024, 133.53 ha in 2025, and 135.28 ha in 2026, representing a net increase of 9.79 ha (7.80%) between 2022 and 2026. The largest estimated mangrove cover area occurred in 2023, while the smallest was recorded in 2022. Visual validation indicated spatial pattern consistency between the digitized results and vegetation features observed in Google Earth imagery. Differences in area between years, particularly small changes, should be interpreted cautiously due to the limitations of the 30 m spatial resolution of the satellite imagery and digitization uncertainty. This study provides time-series estimates of changes in mangrove cover area that can serve as supporting data for monitoring and managing mangrove ecosystems in Ponelo Kepulauan District.

Users’ Perceptions of Harbor Basin and Wharf Conditions and Utilization at Nizam Zachman Ocean Fishing Port, Jakarta

Nurhalisah Nurhalisah — 2026-10-26

Nizam Zachman Samudera Fisheries Port (PPSNZJ) is the largest fisheries port in Indonesia and plays a strategic role as a center for fish catch distribution. However, several issues still exist, such as limited dock capacity, poorly maintained facilities, and sanitation problems in the harbor basin that affect user comfort and service effectiveness. This study aims to determine users’ perception of the utilization level of main facilities, namely the dock and harbor basin at PPSNZJ.

This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach conducted at PPSNZJ from August 11 to December 5, 2025. The population consisted of all users of the dock and harbor basin facilities. A total of 92 respondents were determined using the Slovin formula with purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires using a 1-5 Likert scale, interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The results indicate that users’ perception of the condition and capacity of the main facilities influences the level of utilization of these facilities. Questionnaire and observation data were used to assess whether the dock and harbor basin facilities have been utilized optimally, underutilized, or exceeded capacity. This information is expected to serve as a basis for port managers in decision-making regarding management, maintenance, service improvement, and facility development to ensure safe, smooth, and efficient port operations.